... defining what was meant by permanent civil Aervants-naniely, those per- sons who hold their appointments directly from the Crown, or who had been admitted into the civil serviee with a cer- tificate from the Civil Service Commissioners. It Avas in- tended ...

... those who were bona fi le civil eervants,a~ rule 'was laid dowen declaring that no lerson was to be deemed a civil servant unless be beld his appointment directly from the crown, or woo admitted 'with a Certificate from the Civil Service Coam- mnissioners ...